Musicianship Influences Language Effect on Musical Pitch Perception

language transfer ^1 largely undergirds theoretical model

toggle="yes">CM=97%,<italic toggle="yes">SD<italic toggle="yes">CM=7%;<italic toggle="yes">M<italic toggle="yes">CNM=97%,<italic toggle="yes">SD<italic toggle="yes">CNM=8%;<italic toggle="yes">M<italic toggle="yes">EM=94%,<italic toggle="yes">SD<italic toggle="yes">EM=9%;<italic toggle="yes">M<italic toggle="yes">ENM=96%,<italic toggle="yes">SD<italic toggle="yes">ENM=8%
yes">F (1, 113)=11.27,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.09
yes">F (1, 113)=4.56,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.04, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.04
yes">F (1, 113)=4.52,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.04, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.04
yes">F (1, 113)=4.21,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.04, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.04
toggle="yes">F (2, 110)=5.78,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.004, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.10
toggle="yes">F (2, 110)=11.58,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.17
toggle="yes">F (2, 110)=3.61,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.03, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.06
yes">F (1, 111)=5.78,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.02, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.05
yes">F (1, 111)=23.28,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.17
yes">F (1, 111)=7.21,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.01, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.06
yes">F (1, 111)=12.97,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.11
yes">F (3, 111)=11.21,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.23
yes">F (1, 111)=6.20,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.01, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.05

yes">F (1, 113)=0.69,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.41
yes">F (1, 113)=11.27,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.09
yes">F (1, 113)=4.56,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.04, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.04
yes">F (1, 113)=4.52,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.04, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.04
toggle="yes">F (1, 113)=0.83,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.36
yes">F (1, 113)=4.21,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.04, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.04
yes">F (1, 113)=2.06,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.15
yes">F (1, 113)=4.21,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.04, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.04
yes">F (1, 113)=0.14,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.71
toggle="yes">F (2, 110)=5.78,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.004, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.10
toggle="yes">F (2, 110)=11.58,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.17
toggle="yes">F (2, 110)=3.61,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.03, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.06
yes">F (1, 111)=5.78,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.02, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.05
yes">F (1, 111)=23.28,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.17
yes">F (1, 111)=7.21,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.01, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.06
yes">F (1, 111)=12.97,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.11
yes">F (1, 111)=0.04,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.85
yes">F (3, 111)=11.21,<italic toggle="yes">p<0.001, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.23
yes">F (1, 111)=6.20,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.01, eta<italic toggle="yes"><italic toggle="yes">p^2=0.05
yes">F (1, 111)=1.10,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.30
yes">F (1, 111)=0.99,<italic toggle="yes">p=0.32