Opportunities and limitations: A comparative analysis of citizen science and expert recordings for bioacoustic research

time users=1 recording multiple users=2-19 recordings frequent users<20

Target languages, types of activities, engagement, and effectiveness of extramural language learning

• Results in abstract and full text:
yes">i=1, 2
toggle="yes">action=0
toggle="yes">μ=0
toggle="yes">σ=1
<disp formula id="pone.0253241.e023">removedGRAPHIC ∥ O i ∥ 1=∑ j=1 N ∑ k=1
k |</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e024">removedGRAPHIC=∑ j=1 N ∑ k=1
k |</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e025">removedGRAPHIC<=∑ j=1 N ∑ k=1
v i - k ∥ 2</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e026">removedGRAPHIC=∑ j=1
k=1 m ∥ v i - k ∥ 2
pone.0253241.e027">removedGRAPHIC ∥ O i ∥ 1<=∑ j=1
k=1 m ∥ v i - k ∥ 1</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e028">removedGRAPHIC=N ∑ k=1 m ∥ v i - k ∥ 1</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e029">removedGRAPHIC=N ∑ j=1 N ∑ k=1
k |</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e030">removedGRAPHIC=N ∑ j=1 N ∑ k=1
k |</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e031">removedGRAPHIC<=N ∑ j=1 N ∑ k=1 m ∥ E j - V ∥ 2
k ∥ 2</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e032">removedGRAPHIC=N ∑ j=1 N ∥ E j - V ∥ 2 ∑ k=1
k ∥ 2</disp formula><disp formula id="pone.0253241.e033">removedGRAPHIC<=N ∑ j=1 N ∥ E j - V ∥ 1 ∑ k=1
yes">l<- 1-<italic toggle="yes">L do<p specific use="line">2
toggle="yes">M<p specific use="line">3
yes">e<- 1-<italic toggle="yes">E do<p specific use="line">4
t<p specific use="line">5
l<p specific use="line">6
then<p specific use="line">9<italic toggle="yes">action<-<italic toggle="yes">END<p specific use="line">10 else<p specific use="line">11<italic toggle="yes">action<-<italic toggle="yes">P .<italic toggle="yes">choose<italic toggle="yes">action (<italic toggle="yes">s<italic toggle="yes">l)<p specific use="line">12 end<p specific use="line">13 if<italic toggle="yes">action=<italic toggle="yes">END then<p specific use="line">14
t e<p specific use="line">15<italic toggle="yes">reward<- 0<p specific use="line">16 else<p specific use="line">17
s l<p specific use="line">19
o n<- 0<p specific use="line">20
• Results in captions: